Optical distance sensors with time-of-flight technology (TOF) offer practical benefits. The sensors enable fast, contactless measurement of large distances, are insensitive to ambient light and provide continuous distance data in real time.

The sensor’s operating principle measures distances by recording the time it takes for emitted light to travel to the object and back. Laser or LED pulses are generally used for this purpose. However, time-of-flight technology also has limitations in measurement accuracy: How precise the results are depends heavily on the nature of the object surface.

Dark surfaces can weaken the reflected signal. They generate narrower pulses and the echo is detected later. Bright surfaces, on the other hand, generate stronger signals with a wider pulse width that are detected earlier. That means the returning signal is detected at different times depending on whether the object’s surface is light or dark. This can cause measurement errors that must be compensated for.

Polynomial function: limited flexibility

Until now, mathematical models based on defined algorithms have been used to correct these errors. A correction value is calculated for many different surfaces and distances, which is later applied automatically. This calculation is based on a so-called polynomial function.

Polynomial functions offer an efficient solution for stable, continuous error curves. One disadvantage, however, is the limited imaging accuracy in the case of complex factors, such as strongly varying surface reflections. As the model parameters are fixed, the functions cannot automatically adapt to changing environmental conditions.

Neural network for correction value calculations

Leuze has a much more precise and flexible solution. Instead of working with rigid formulas, Leuze uses a neural network to determine the correction value. A neural network is a form of artificial intelligence that is modelled on the human brain. It consists of nodes (neurons) in three types of layers: the input layer, hidden layers and the output layer.

The neural network processes information by passing input data step through these one layer at a time. The neurons weigh their results, summarise them and convert them using functions so that a precise result is produced at the end. A so-called activation function decides how strongly a neuron becomes ‘active’, i.e. what value it passes on to the next layer. This activation function enables the network to learn even complex, non-linear relationships and is not limited to simple calculation patterns.

Learning from real data

The AI solution developed by Leuze uses sample data to learn how brightness and surface texture affect the optical distance sensor’s measurements. This makes it much easier to correct the measured values. The neural network is trained with data consisting of raw distance values and pulse widths as input parameters as well as the corresponding standardized correction values at the output.

The training data can be generated from the production process, in which many measured values are collected: for light, dark and differently textured surfaces as well as for different distances. These measured values are communicated to the production facility’s control system. From this, the production facility’s neural network calculates the correction values for the sensor. The sensor then requires no additional computing power during operation – the AI has already ‘learned’ everything.

Five steps for precise values

The Leuze neural network consists of five layers. In each layer, all neurons are fully connected to each other. This means that all information flows into the calculation. A so-called ReLU activation function is used: ReLU stands for ‘Rectified Linear Unit’. This ensures that the network sets negative counters to zero and only processes positive values – similar to a filter that only lets positive signals through, making the learning process stable and reliable.

This has two advantages: Firstly, the network works faster, and secondly, it avoids the computing problems that can occur with other methods. The last layer of the network – the output layer – determines the final correction value. Here, ‘tanh’ (hyperbolic tangent) is used as the activation function. This ensures that the calculated correction value is always within a defined range between -1 and +1. The system then converts this value so that it directly indicates how much the sensor must correct the measured distance in order to deliver precise results.

Calibrated to Leuze sensors

Time-of-flight distance sensors with AI-based correction are particularly useful in industrial automation where precise measurement results are essential. Typical applications include:

• Navigation and collision avoidance: On robots and mobile platforms
• Materials handling: Checking positions and distances on conveyor belts
• Quality assurance: Checking distances on workpieces with difficult surfaces
• Automated guided vehicle systems (AGVs): Precise distance control when parking and manoeuvring
• Safety applications: Detection of proximity to machines and systems

In summary, Leuze is raising the precision of optical distance sensors to a new level with artificial intelligence. Tests have shown that the method’s AI-based calibration reduces systematic measurement errors, i.e. the dependence of measurement results on surface and distance, by more than half. Customers benefit from more robust and accurate measurements without any effort during operation, even with difficult surfaces. This makes it the ideal solution for challenging industrial applications.

Visit the Leuze Electronic website for more information

See all stories for Leuze Electronic

ISO 13855 has been a proven reference for the design of protective devices for more than a decade. Why was the revision necessary?

The last valid version was published in 2010, around 15 years ago. That’s a long time in industrial automation, and a lot has changed in the meantime: Today, we are dealing with more flexible production systems, more mobile robots and new operating concepts. The previous standard could only reflect this to a limited extent.

We also looked at the incidence of accidents at work and derived normative consequences from this. ISO 13855:2024 is better suited to current technologies because it provides more precise specifications for the calculation of safety distances and, accordingly, for the positioning of protective devices. It also addresses topics that were missing from the previous standard and adjusts existing values.

What are the most important new features of ISO 13855:2024?

The calculation of the safety distance, previously referred to as the minimum distance, has been revised and extended for the orthogonal, i.e. right-angled, approach of a person. This allows the safety distance to be determined more precisely. Specifically, the range DDS – previously referred to as safety distance C – is now determined on the basis of three criteria: Reaching over, reaching through and reaching under the protective field. The DDU (reaching under the detection zone) has been added and the DDT (reaching through the detection zone) has been extended by a formula.

For the parallel approach of a person, the calculation has been simplified by the use of flat-rate values. The Z supplements, which result, for example, from the measurement inaccuracy of safety laser scanners or brake wear on vehicles, have also now been included. Another very interesting topic is “distances to safety-related manual control devices ” – referred to as SRMCDs in the standards. The distances must now be calculated to enable installation in a safe position.

The introduction of the dynamic safety distance is intended for the future. This makes it possible, for example, to dynamically adjust the safety distance during robot movements depending on external conditions such as speed, braking distance and direction of movement. It has therefore become somewhat more complex to calculate the safety distance. On the one hand, this means more accuracy, but on the other hand it also means more responsibility for the users of the standard.

What impact does the updated standard have for machine manufacturers?

The Machinery Directive (MD) applies to manufacturers of machinery. This states that only safe machines may be placed on the market. Standards or harmonized standards exist to make this easier to prove. Even though the new EN ISO 13855 has not yet been harmonized, it reflects the state of the art and thus states how machines are correctly safeguarded today. It is therefore advisable to apply the new requirements immediately, regardless of harmonisation, as the MRL also references the state of the art.

Where, for example, are the changes in the systems specifically noticeable?

Let’s think about a classic in industrial plants: vertical safety light grids for access protection. In the previous version of the standards, 2 beam safety light grids were only permitted with a corresponding justification in the risk assessment. The use of these devices is now ruled out, as the distance between two beams has been limited to a maximum of 400 mm in order to prevent climbing through. In addition, the value to prevent the light grid from creeping underneath has been reduced from 300 to 200 mm.

The value against climbing over remains unchanged at 900 mm, but these factors mean that at least three-beam safety light grids must be used in future. Manufacturers and operators must pay attention to this when selecting the required safety technology – Leuze offers suitable solutions here with its multiple light beam safety devices in up to four-beam versions.

The “reaching under” of vertical protective fields has been included in the standard. Does this increase system safety?

Definitely. The previous version of the standard did not actually take reaching under into account, only the value of a maximum of 300 mm of the lowest beam above the reference plane. In this respect, you could easily reach under a protective field with one hand or arm. From now on, the reach for reaching underneath must be determined so that the safety light curtain, for example, can be installed correctly. The now reduced value against crawling under also increases safety.

You also mentioned the subject of acknowledgement buttons, which is now covered comprehensively in the standard.

Correct, ISO 13855:2024 now explicitly addresses safety-related manual control devices – i.e. SRMCDs. The term is defined more broadly in the standard, but mainly relates to the installation position of acknowledgement buttons. In the past, it simply stated “The reset device must not be accessible from the danger zone”. The distance to an SRMCD, and thus in particular for acknowledgement buttons, must now be calculated. The calculated values may also end the previous discussion as to whether something is unachievable.

The current standard also introduces requirements for safety distances in connection with steps. What is behind this? 

All values in the standard for calculating the safety distance refer to a reference plane. This is often the floor on which the person is standing, but it does not necessarily have to be. If there are steps, accessible machine frames or platforms on a machine, this always leads to the question of which of the two levels is the correct reference level. This is now clarified in detail in the standard using several examples. The standard distinguishes between ascent and descent, step height and width and then uses a table to directly specify which surface is the reference level in order to avoid misjudgements.

These are just some of the changes resulting from ISO 13855:2024. Do existing systems now have to be adapted? 

At this point, it is important to distinguish between the manufacturer and the operator. In accordance with the Machinery Directive, the time of placing on the market always applies to the manufacturer. This means that old systems are not relevant for the manufacturer, but all newly built machines are and this applies equally to special machines and series machines. The operator is subject to the current Industrial Safety and Health regulations that require a risk assessment to be reviewed regularly. The state of the art must be taken into account and, where necessary, the safety technology must be adapted. The new version of the standard is state of the art and therefore also relevant for existing systems.

What can manufacturers and operators do to know the current state of the art? Can you provide support here?

Experience has shown that it is difficult to always know the current state of the art given the large number of standards and directives and their regular revision. And then also to evaluate the machines according to the state of the art. That is why we offer a wide range of services to provide both manufacturers and operators with the best possible support. From simple safety inspections and follow-up time measurements, the complete safety-related assessment of a machine park to the implementation of the safeguarding of a machine or system, including services and engineering, everything is included. We also recommend our practical online seminars, especially on the new ISO 13855:2024.

The calculation tools at www.leuze.com are extremely practical for determining the safety distances in accordance with standards. And for more complex applications, the Sensor People from Leuze are happy to provide individual advice and additional support in the selection of suitable sensor technology and safety solutions.

Visit the Leuze Electronic website for more information

See all stories for Leuze Electronic

Vision sensors are the ‘eyes of industrial automation’. That is because the devices enable machines to see and interpret their surroundings. Anyone looking for a particularly powerful sensor for print quality verification can now find what they need in the DCR 1048i OCV.

It can read 1D/2D codes within one application and also check quality using the OCV process. This makes it possible to reliably determine whether the best-before date, batch or other printed information is present, complete and legible.

OCV stands for Optical Character Verification. Users can teach the vision sensor for OCV print quality verification quickly and easily. All you need to do is present it with a reference image of the optimum print. The DCR 1048i OCV then reliably detects defective printing – for example due to, clogged print heads, low ink cartridges, or adhesion problems. Once the threshold value is set, products recognized as defective can be rejected. The DCR 1048i OCV offers an efficient and flexible solution for production processes.

Performance, flexibility and usability are what count when it comes to image processing sensor technology for industrial automation. Simple Vision sensors meet these requirements. They are as easy to operate as optical sensors, plus they are as powerful as camera systems. Leuze offers this concept as a quick and straightforward introduction to vision technology.

Visit the Leuze Electronic website for more information

See all stories for Leuze Electronic

Vision sensors are the ‘eyes of industrial automation’. That is because these little marvels enable machines to see and interpret their surroundings. They are easier to integrate and operate than camera systems. The devices are suitable for many different tasks: They are used for presence or absence detection, parts detection, inspection, code reading, and measuring or counting tasks.

When selecting the optimum sensor technology, it is worth considering performance in the corresponding detection, identification and inspection tasks. In addition, sensor configuration and parameterization must be as simple as possible to save time and money. Leuze provides a product portfolio that meets these requirements with their Simple Vision concept.

Simple setup, efficient detection

The image processing tools from Leuze are powerful: They combine image acquisition, processing and communication functions in one device. A common sensor application is detecting the presence or absence of objects. In filling systems, for example, caps, labels or imprints on bottles or flacons must be reliably detected. Sensors can also be used to check how an object is aligned – regardless of its format, material, colour or dimensions.

The device must also perform well. The IVS 108 Simple Vision Sensor from Leuze, for example, has a consistent response time of just 50 milliseconds – even with changing objects, ambient or application conditions. This makes it very easy for system operators to decide whether the sensor meets their production process requirements.

A quick sensor setup is also important. The IVS 108 requires neither programming nor lengthy configurations. All you need to do is position ‘GOOD’ and ‘NOT GOOD’ objects in front of the sensor and confirm by pressing the teach button.

Code reading made easy

Vision sensors can also be used to read 1D or 2D codes. Sensors such as the DCR 1048i from Leuze read single or multiple codes simultaneously. This is a practical advantage for packages containing several secondary packaging units, for example. Multicode decoding makes this possible. If DPM codes printed on the packaging need to be detected, a sensor such as the DCR 1048i DPM is recommended. This is equipped with an optimised reading algorithm for reliable decoding.

Depending on the application and system design, an all-rounder vision sensor can prove worthwhile. This enables system operators to respond quickly to market requirements and product changes. The all-rounder vision sensors such as the IVS 1048i from Leuze are recommended for detection, inspection and identification tasks. For example, checking whether labels or adhesive have been applied correctly on a packaging line.

Another possible use is checking whether bottles are sealed correctly in a beverage-filling system. Some manufacturers offer devices with different resolutions. The IVS 1048i is available with a lower (736 x 480 pixels) or higher resolution (1,440 x 1,080 pixels). This allows very flexible sensor use. There is also a choice of four interchangeable S-mount lenses with variable focus adjustment. This means that the reading distance, field of view and depth of field can also be adapted to each system’s requirements.

Flexible configuration

No vision sensor without software: The usability of the associated image processing program must be a decisive factor when selecting the sensor technology. Time and effort can be saved in system operation with software that includes powerful tools and also provides statistics for image processing and inspection that can be used offline.

Common interface protocols such as TCP/IP, PROFINET, FTP and SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) are integrated into the device. This facilitates communication and data acquisition. Leuze provides PC-based configuration software that fulfils all these requirements with its Leuze Vision Studio. It is suitable for the IVS 1048i and DCR 1048i Simple Vision sensors. The Leuze Vision Studio offers the option of configuring the various sensors virtually using an emulator and testing the applications with real images without a device being physically present.

It can be beneficial for system operators to focus on vision sensors that can be set up and operated without any specialist knowledge. This makes integration and ongoing operation easier, even if production process requirements change. The system sensors can thus be designed cost-effectively with minimal effort. It is also important to choose a device with a powerful performance.

The sensors in the Simple Vision concept from Leuze combine all of this. This enables the efficient use of image processing technology in industrial automation.

Visit the Leuze Electronic website for more information

See all stories for Leuze Electronic

Machine builders are facing new challenges due to increasing automation and the vision of the smart factory: From individual machine tools to fully networked production systems, flexibility and networking are becoming increasingly important – with the highest safety and quality standards.

Leuze’s goal is to ensure your production is even more flexible, efficient and safer through the use of its innovative products and solutions.

At Machine Building Live 2024, Leuze is excited to show you examples of this, starting with examples from its global sensor range for precise presence detection, as well as solutions for fast and accurate bar code reading applications including our new range of Simple Vision products.

Leuze will have the RSL 400 safety laser scanners on show, which are characterised by their performance, robustness and easy handling. Thanks to their high operating range of 8.25 m and a scanning angle of 270°, they can monitor even large areas. Together with two protective functions, one RSL 400 can perform tasks that previously required two scanners.

Also present will be the LBK safe 3D radar system, which was developed for the monitoring of hazardous areas in harsh industrial environments. It detects the bodies of people and in doing so monitors the protected area for access and presence. The system consists of sensors and controller, combining up to six sensors in one application.

The Leuze team is very much looking forward to meeting you at this year’s Machine Building Live event.

Visit the Leuze Electronic website for more information

See all stories for Leuze Electronic

Leuze’s LBK safety radar system implements an operating principle new to safety technology. As a result, it is also able to provide a solution for applications that previously could not be solved reliably using optical sensors, safeguarding danger zones close to machinery and systems using radar technology.

The LBK system operates in a frequency range of 24 GHz. This means that the electromagnetic waves are much shorter than sound or light waves. Unlike light, the radar waves can penetrate non-metallic objects. The compact sensors with their integrated antennas emit electromagnetic waves. These waves are reflected off objects. The sensors receive these reflections and then evaluate them. The electromagnetic waves of the LBK radar system are completely harmless to personnel.

Utilising the properties of the radar frequency electromagnetic waves in sensors provides a solution for applications where optical sensors have so far proven unreliable. Even non-metallic objects such as dust, welding sparks or chips are penetrated without the sensor being influenced. As a result, the LBK system is particularly suitable for applications in harsh environments such as in wood or plastic processing. Such applications typically produce a large quantity of particles that are then suspended in the air. However, these particles do not prevent the LBK from performing its task of reliably detecting and protecting persons.

Even if radar waves penetrate the particles, the latter still reflect a small proportion of the waves. As the quantity of radar waves reflected by a person is significantly different to that reflected by wood chips or moisture, the LBK can detect whether the reflection comes from a person or from non-metallic particles – in other words, particles in the air are not detected whereas a person is. The LBK therefore switches off reliably when a person is located in the danger zone.

The LBK sensor emits its radar waves in three-dimensional space so that not only the surface area but also the volume of this space is monitored. This allows the LBK to detect persons who enter a hazardous area or who are located in this area, regardless of whether they are standing, kneeling or lying.

The LBK 3D radar system not only operates in a wavelength range new to safety technology. It also uses FMCW, an operating principle which is also new to safety technology. FMCW stands for Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave: here, the transmission frequency changes within a defined bandwidth. Starting at a fundamental frequency, it increases continuously up to a maximum frequency and then returns to the fundamental frequency again.

If a person reflects this signal, it reaches the receiver with a time delay. Subtraction of the reception signal from the transmission signal produces a difference frequency. If the distance between the LBK sensor and the person remains constant, the difference frequency also retains its value. However, if the person moves, the time delay between the transmitted and received signal changes, and therefore also the difference frequency. The faster the person moves, the greater the change in difference frequency will be. In this way, the LBK sensor is able to determine the speed at which the person is moving.

This method is also referred to as radar Doppler. It allows movements to be determined with a very high degree of accuracy. The LBK sensor therefore detects not only a moving person, but also a person who is currently standing still, even if the movement is extremely slight. Even if a person is standing still, they are never absolutely motionless – there is always some movement, such as from their pulse or heartbeat, etc. The LBK sensor utilises this to reliably distinguish a person in a danger zone from a static object, e.g. a pallet or material container.

The slight movements of a person are sufficient to generate a reliable switch off signal for the machine. As a result, the LBK system interrupts the operating process only if somebody is actually located inside the danger zone. For example, completely static, motionless material containers can be left inside the protected area without them leading to interruption of the operating process. In this way, the LBK system prevents unnecessary downtimes and thereby increases the availability and cost effectiveness of the system. On the other hand, it ensures that the machine only starts to run again when all persons have left the danger zone, and therefore contributes to reliable personnel protection.

In addition to use in harsh environments, the LBK safety radar system is used primarily for preventing unwanted restarts and for monitoring hidden areas. Users can adapt it to their individual requirements. The system consists of a controller to which up to six radar sensors can be connected. The positioning of the sensors, the adjustable operating range and the selectable opening angle allow flexible adaptation of the monitored area to the danger zone. This also allows areas on steps or pedestals to be monitored reliably. The user can define the system parameters using the easy to operate configuration software. Certified safety experts from Leuze are available to assist with configuration and commissioning if required.

Visit the Leuze Electronic website for more information

See all stories for Leuze Electronic

“The big advantage of the LBK safety radar system is that it is resistant to environmental influences and is yet very sensitive and reliably detects movements,” says Jörg Packeiser, marketing manager for safety at Leuze. “In addition, the LBK radar technology monitors a three-dimensional space and not just a two-dimensional surface.”

The LBK radar system responds to movements and generates a stop signal as soon as a person enters the monitored area. The Sensor People thereby protect both employees as well as operating processes. This is because the 3D solution interrupts operating processes only if someone actually remains in the danger zone. The system thereby avoids unnecessary shutdowns and, at the same time, increases the availability of the machine or system.

As soon as all persons have again left the danger zone, the machines can start up again. The radar technology can reliably differentiate between people and static objects because it detects even stationary persons located in the protected area. Static objects, such as pallets or material containers, can be left in the protected area without problem. They do not result in a system interruption.

The LBK safety radar system is used primarily for restart protection and for monitoring hidden areas. Users can adapt it to their individual requirements: with the number and position of the sensors, with the adjustable operating range as well as with the selectable opening angle. The system also uses its 3D radar technology to monitor areas on steps or pedestals and areas shaded by non-metallic objects. To safeguard larger areas, up to six radar sensors can be connected together via a controller. In this way, the system offers a maximum monitoring area of 15 x 4 meters.

The individual sensors can be connected to form groups. If necessary, these groups can be switched off, thereby allowing the system to adapt to dynamic processes. Another advantage of the LBK safety radar system is that the easy-to-operate configuration software can be adapted to define the system parameters. Certified safety experts from Leuze are available to discuss any potential applications and can also assist with configuration and commissioning of systems.

Visit the Leuze Electronic website for more information

See all stories for Leuze Electronic

Pictured right: The palletizing robots in the Beumer robotpac series are typical systems in which MLDSET access guarding from Leuze Electronic is used.

“Leuze Electronic has developed MLDSET protective sensor sets, which are easy to install via ‘plug and play’ with or without the muting function,” explains Markus Pollmeier of Beumer Group, where the efficient sets are used in palletising and packaging systems.

“The special thing about the MLDSET systems from Leuze Electronic is that all of the access guarding components are pre-mounted for typical muting applications in a practical way,” states Pollmeier. “This saves a lot of time during installation as well as during start-up on site.”

He sees another advantage in that fact that ready-made systems can also be installed extremely easily by technicians that have not been specially trained.

The Beumer Group is an internationally leading manufacturer of intralogistics in the areas of conveyor and loading technology, palletising and packaging technology and also sorting and distribution systems. Typical systems in which the safety photoelectric sensor sets from Leuze Electronic are used are palletising robots in the Beumer robotpac.

Systems are individually customised to customer requirements, and take the product properties of the individual packaged goods into consideration as well as the desired packaging patterns and pallet sizes. Normally, these systems are completely enclosed in safety barriers. In ‘gaps’ and open locations, particularly for moving materials in and out, MLDSET systems are used with light scanners as muting sensors for unimpeded material transport.

“As standard, muting is triggered in situations where packages or pallets are continuously fed in by the conveyor system using muting sensors, ie additional photoelectric sensors,” explains Pollmeier. “Feeding or delivery stations at which pallets are put in or taken away by forklift trucks can also be equipped with induction loops instead.” In areas in which the system is used for access protection only, MLDSET is used without muting.

In any case, the systems are always delivered to suit the application. This includes defined cable lengths, connectors and cable routes and also a special acknowledgment unit with an illuminated start button or input and output signals that have been adapted for the Beumer control concept.

Pictured left: Maximum safety is required at the access points of the system due to the fast robot movements in the Beumer palletiser system.

Innovations in the set

The core component of MLDSET is the MLD 500 multiple light beam safety device with transceiver design. Systems such as this consist of an active transceiver (transmitter and receiver together in one housing) and a passive deflecting mirror without an electrical connection. “The transceivers are normally twin-beam and have an integrated muting indicator. Leuze Electronic also offers triple-beam systems as a special feature,” stresses Pollmeier.

According to Pollmeier, another advantage of MLD devices is that they are generally suitable for low-temperature environments and are fully functional up to –30°C. For Beumer, this is an important product characteristic because conveyor, palletising and packaging systems are frequently used in open, drafty halls.

The MLD 500 multiple light beam safety devices are already pre-mounted in device columns with appropriate lengths. The set includes a complete mounting kit for exact base adjustment. Special spring elements provide an independent reset after me-chanical impacts.

In special cases, the MLDSET includes series 25B muting light scanners as well as the MLD 500. For quick and easy installation, these muting sensors are already pre-adjusted in mounting arms, so-called muting sensor sets. These arms are mounted on the side of the UDC device columns, where the muting sensors are easy to adjust. “With these muting sensor sets, we no longer need to think about the arrangement of the muting sensors,” summarises Pollmeier.

Visit the Leuze Electronic website for more information.

See all stories for Leuze Electronic

The RSL 400 series consists of 16 device versions with operating ranges up to 8.25m. Despite the large number of possible field pairs (100), the creation of independent configurations with application-oriented one-step configuration is simpler than ever. The devices’ large scanning angle of 270 degrees is especially advantageous, for example, in the case of mounting on corners or edges for front and side guarding and can, depending on the application, replace a second laser scanner.

With two completely autonomous protective functions, two pairs of safety switching outputs and nine other configurable switching outputs, the RSL 430 variant pursues the following logic: one device solves two protection tasks simultaneously.

Leuze Electronic says the RSL 400 series incorporates decades of experience, resulting in excellent performance data and unsurpassed usability – the application of such multi-talented sensor technology has never been easier. All devices demonstrate a high level of availability on account of the high resolution (rod test) and a high insensitivity to dust thanks to the high scanning rate.

A large plain-text display with integrated electronic spirit level ensures simple alignment when mounting the connector unit. The connector unit also contains the entire cable management and is the mechanical and electrical basis of the devices. The scanner itself can be removed at any time using standard tools and fitted with other RSL 400 devices without the need for realignment, readjustment or lengthy configuration – an important advantage for maintenance and repair. Thanks to the Ethernet interface, the devices have full network connectivity.

Visit the Leuze Electronic website for more information.

See all stories for Leuze Electronic